The Battle Of The American Revolution - 2391 Words

When French and British both claimed expansion into the Ohio River Valley in 1756, the war broke out. This war was called the French Indian War, also known as the Seven Years’ War. Actually, it was the first worldwide war because it was a massive conflict between Spain, France, England, North America, Austria, Philippine, and Prussia. The Seven Years’ War lasted from 1756 to 1763. It ended with British’s victories at Louisburg, Fort Frontenac and Quebec. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 was an afterward treaty that ultimately led to the British dominance of North America colonial outposts. However, the staggering cost of the war put British in a dangerous economic situation with enormous debts. Furthermore, Britain had to deal with new territories and old colonies. Parliament therefore passed a series of measures to recover the expenses on the war and created new courses in dealing with America. Those measures intensified colonials’ resistance to British imperi al policies, which later led to the American Revolution. The American Revolution was a comprehensive revolution, which included economic, political and social causes. When the American Revolution ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the consequences of the American Revolution could also affect nation politically, socially, and economically. The economic cause of the American Revolution was Britain’s imperial policies based on recovering of the debts between 1763 and 1776. Beginning with the Currency Act in 1764,Show MoreRelatedThe Battle Of The American Revolution1535 Words   |  7 Pages 1775, tension between the American colonies and Great Britain had reached its breaking point as fighting erupted at Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts. These battles marked the beginning of the American Revolution, where the colonists sought freedom from King George III of England and Parliament. After fighting for years to gain their independence, the American colonies won the war. E ven though the colonists faced several disadvantages during the American Revolution against the British, the determinationRead MoreBattle Of The American Revolution1451 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Yorktown was one of the most significant battles of the American Revolution. Not only was it a major battle that helped end the war but also showed the power of the Continental Army’s field artillery. The battle was a major turning point in establishing the freedom of the United States of America and was the last major battle of the war. The Continental and French forces moved to Yorktown on 28 September 1781, however the first shot was not fired until 9 October of 1781. It was roughlyRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Revolution1377 Words   |  6 Pages The American Revolution begins with the taxation of the American colonies to pay for French and Indian War or sometimes called the Seven-Year War. The British fought the French and the Indian nations in the colonies. After the British victory, Britain had a large debt to pay. The debt was approximately 140 million pounds. It was Prime Minister George Grenville, secretary of Treasury in England, came up with an idea to pay this debt; however, the colonists would not be very happy. To payRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Revolution1788 Words   |  8 PagesThe Battle of Yorktown was the last important battle of the American Revolution, which was fought from 28 September 1781 to 19 October 1781, in Yorktown Virginia, near the York River. The Continental Army, led by George Washington, won the battle against the British, led by General Lord Charles Cornwallis. General Cornwallis was force to surrender after Washington’s army, assisted by the French who were led by Marquis de Lafayette and the Comte de Rochambeau (Davis, P., 2001), surrounded them. GeneralRead MoreBattle For The American Revolution957 Words   |  4 PagesThe Battle of Yorktown From October 09, 1781 to October 19, 1781, arguably the most important battle for the American Revolution took place in Yorktown, Virginia. During this 10 day battle, American forces decimated the British with strategic and relentless artillery fire virtually ending the Revolutionary War. This monumental battle was won from not only artillery fire, but also clever tactics. General George Washington and French commander Comte de Rochambeau out-smarted the British forces byRead MoreThe Battle Of Nassau : The American Revolution1183 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of Nassau The American Revolution war was sanctioned by the former British settlers who wanted autonomy from British Rule. The revolution itself was a culmination of years of heavy taxation and exploitation by the British loyalists. It was the expansionist ambitions of the British Empire that caused it to lose the grip on the American sub continent (Scanlan, 2015, Para. 2-4). The British had embarked on a serious expansion of its empire through the acquisition of colonies in Africa and AsiaRead MoreThe Battle Of Saratoga And The American Revolution1504 Words   |  7 Pages Between 1765-1783 the American Revolution had many different battles that affected its ending results. One of these battles were the Battle of Saratoga which had a major effect on the American Revolution. This battle displayed the Americans power to the French, convincing them to join the war with the Americans. France supplied the American with their advanced weaponry, financial help, and anything for them to win t he war. The Battle of Saratoga became to be known as a major turning pointRead MoreThe American Revolution : The Battle Of Bunker Hill899 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution Following the war in a loose chronological order, the main turning points of the American Revolution began as the war itself began. Lexington and Concord, while not being â€Å"turning points† per say, were the kick-off. What followed was the erroneously name â€Å"Battle of Bunker Hill†. Bunker Hill, while not officially a ‘win† for the patriots, served two purposes. With British casualties outnumbering Colonial loses nearly 3 to 1 (1,054 British to about 400 Colonial), and Congress’Read MoreThe Most Influential Battles of the American Revolution Essay1584 Words   |  7 Pagesmany battles that were fought, but there were a few that changed the result of the war. The battles of Trenton and Princeton were fought strategically. During both of the battles, Washington made bold moves that later impacted the army’s success. Another battle that was fought was the Battle of Saratoga, and before this battle, the Continental Army did not have a strong chance of winning because they were facing the powerful and well equipped British army. The Battle of Saratoga was the battle thatRead MoreThe Battle of Saratoga: The Turning Point of The American Revolution1122 Words   |  5 PagesThe Battle of Saratoga: The Turning Point of the American Revoluti on The Revolutionary War is enshrined in American memory as the beginning of a new nation born in freedom. (The Saratoga Chamber of Commerce, 1999) On 17 October 1777, the surrender of the British during the Battle of Saratoga proved to the world that the American Army was an effective fighting force. The American victory at Saratoga was a major turning point in the America’s fight for Independence. This victory also resulted

Heart of Darkness Novel on Seaman’s Life Charlie Marlow Free Essays

Joseph Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness is about a seaman named Charlie Marlow and an experience he had as a younger man. Early in the novel it becomes apparent that there is a great deal of tension in Marlow ¹s mind about whether he should profit from the immoral actions of the company he works for which is involved in the ivory trade in Africa. Marlow believes that the company is ignorant of the tension between moral enlightenment and capitalism . We will write a custom essay sample on Heart of Darkness Novel on Seaman’s Life Charlie Marlow or any similar topic only for you Order Now The dehumanization of its laborers which is so early apparent to Marlow seems to be unknown to other members of the Company’s management. In this story Marlow’s aunt represents capitalism. Her efforts to get him a job are significant because of the morally compromising nature of the work of which she seems totally ignorant. When Marlow expresses doubts about the nature of the work, she replies, â€Å"You forget, dear Charlie, that the labourer is worthy of his hire† (12). It is clear that Marlow has mixed feelings about the whole idea. At one point, trying to justify his actions to himself, he says, â€Å"You understand it was a continental concern, that Trading Society; but I have a lot of relations on the living continent, because it’s cheap and not so nasty as it looks they say† (12). Marlow finally takes the job, however, and tells himself that the pain and unusually harsh treatment the workers are subjected to is minimal. During the tests and the requirements that he has to undergo before entering the jungle Marlow feels that he is being treated like a freak. The doctor measures his head and asks him questions such as, â€Å"Ever any madness in your family?† (15). In this part of the story Marlow is made to feel small and unimportant. Any feelings or concerns that he has are not important to the company, and as a result, he feels alone. It is only logical that Marlow would have been second guessing his decision and feeling some kinship with the other (black) workers who are exploited, but he does not reveal any such understanding. Upon reaching his destination in Africa, Marlow finds that things are just the same. At the point when he is denied rest after traveling twenty miles on foot he sees things are not going to change. Marlow then tells of how disease and death are running wild through out the area, and the company does nothing in the way of prevention other than to promote those who stay alive. Marlow’s theory on why the manager was in that position was that â€Å"†¦he was never ill† (25). This is a bad situation for Marlow because he sees his boss as a simple man with little else to offer the company other than to be a mindless foreman over the operation. This is an example of the company stripping self worth from its workers in the sense that it does not encourage or expect input from them. This is all significant because Marlow finds himself in a position where he is giving up a big piece of himself and his beliefs to make money. The tension between capitalism and moral enlightenment in the first twenty pages of this story is evident. Conrad uses Marlow to depict a seemingly good-hearted person caught in the middle of the common dilemma of moral ethics and desire for monetary success. Marlow knows that there is a great deal of repugnance in what he is doing, yet he finds himself forced to deal with it in his own personal way, which is justify it or ignore it. It is clear that the company also is forced to deal with this same issue, but it does it simply by pretending that it is not dehumanizing its entire work force. This blindness allows the Company to profit and prosper, but only at the expense of the lives of the workers in the jungle who have no way to protest or escape and the â€Å"white collar† workers like Marlow who have to live with their hypocrisy. How to cite Heart of Darkness Novel on Seaman’s Life Charlie Marlow, Essay examples

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People could not get basic goods such as food, housing and clothing. Command economy: Economic system where decisions pertaining to production and investment are decided by the central government. Users policy of command economy showing signs of inefficiency as peoples needs not met. Why was the command economy inefficient? I. Poor and slow decisions by the Central Government C. G. Did not always make the right decisions. Did not know local conditions in factories in dif. Parts of US dif. , as USSR was ignoramus Factory managers had to wait for the C. G. To set quotas Had to wait a long time for decisions People waited even longer b/c of that Local conditions all However, factory managers in the west made decisions w/o the gobo breathing down their necks. Western consumers did not have to wait as long for products it. No quality control Focused on targets easy to measure Easy to check if targets had been met C. G set the targets for factories No targets for quality US goods were Shiite Customers unhappy wit iii. No incentive to work hard All workers given same benefits Guaranteed Jobs for life Subsided healthcare, housing, education Less efficient that capitalist West as Westerners had incentives to work hard I. E. Meritocracy lb. Overspending on military, few consumer goods C. G spent most of its money on military. Certain years, 50% of revenue on military s they wanted to be a superpower and beat USA- Not enough to make consumer goods that the people were in desperate need of v. Alcoholism Cheap and easily available (VODKA) Few consumer goods available. People Just spent money on alcohol since there was nothing to buy Workers went to work drunk, produced Shiite goods Caused men to be unhealthy, lowered life expectancy VI. Did not improve farms and factories CGI did not use tech to improve farms and factories Could not catch up to better tech of the west They could produce more than Soviet farms but with lesser manpower and money vii. Inefficient transport and distribution system Factories located far away from the resources Time wasted transporting materials Farms also not organized Good harvest meant that crops would rot as transport system could not handle that amount of crops viii. Basic needs of people not met Command economy could not provide for the people Black market developed Officials who controlled the supply became corrupt Took bribes from people and sent goods to those who bribed them -Gobo also lost revenue Ineffective Gobo I. Not willing to change Politburo was full of commie hardliners Did not accept new or different ideas Saw these ideas as a threat to their power People could not criticize as it was a challenge to commie rule change things in US Made it hard to Conservative and corrupt leaders Politburo did not pick leaders by ability but by bias Led to conservatism and corruption iii. People not interested Felt they couldnt do anything as they could not say anything against gobo policies Could not improve the system as they could not speak out Citizens decided not to get involved Gobo did not get feedback which could have helped them improve External Reasons I. Ronald Reggaes Star Wars program OR began large scale military spending knowing USSR would not catch up Initiated Strategic Defended Initiative (SD) or Star Wars programmer Wanted a way to deflect Soviet missiles Alarmed USSR. Decided to improve R/s with USA I. Anti-Soviet feelings in republics Countries different in ethnicity and culture Controlled with troops Resented USSR Cost US much resources iii. Increased spending Led Warsaw Pact. USSR had to spend millions on troops to support allies invaded Afghanistan in 1979. Increased spending Provided support to East Europe countries through COMMON All this undistributed to Users debt 2. Cockroaches Reforms Perestroika: Economic restructuring I. Central planning ended Law of State Enterprise USSR Farmers and factories could decide what they wanted to produce and set own quotas Private trade (Capitalism) Ended state monopolies I. Market Economy Reduced role of Gobo in economy Encouraged people to form small enterprises, run small businesses companies welcomed Tried to change US economy to market economy iii. Military spending reduced Foreign Arms race let S Reduce spending of money on military Channel resources to more important areas to improve economy roofs from Afghanistan Did not interfere in East E. s affairs anymore Worked to slow arms race Glasnost: Openness I. Open to new ideas Hoped he could get input from citizens Encouraged new ideas to change communist system it. Less censorship Allowed media to report on problems of US Religion allowed Legalized banned publications Removed US Hoped to gain support and embarrass gobo. Officials who did not support Perestroika iii. More freedom To show that he was sirs boss, put corrupt officials on trial Set political prisoners free Gave satellite states more freedom Fall of the Soviet Union I. Cockroaches failures Perestroika and Glasnost did not solve problems of the US Communist hardliners did not want to implement changes or only did so partially Trying to run USSR in both capitalist and commie ways Could not succeed No improvement. Lines for basic goods grew even longer Factories didnt produce consumer goods, they produced luxury goods to increase profits. One way capitalism did not benefit Russia Shortages made people organize protests (legal now because of Glasnost) Workers lost Jobs because they were retrenched by state-owned companies to cut costs Unemployed people protested Prevented work from being done I. Loss of Communist Party authority Glasnost allowed people to criticize COGS policies, go on strike, vote for dif. Arties Weakened communist party Changes made Pl less secure in their lives as they were constantly changing their way of life Lost confidence in Communist party Pl used Glasnost to criticize CGI iii. Years tot old C War competition bankrupted Arms race with USA Struggling to pay from late asses ass: USSR was the leader in tech 12 April 1961: First man in space By ass, Western countries caught up. USSR lagging USA tried to weaken USSR icon. Prevented sale of computers and tech to them Collar w/ Saudi Arabia to reduce oil prices so that Russia could not gain an edge in economy- Stopped USSR from earning the money they would have gotten Also tried to pressure Western EX. countries from building pipeline that would bring natural gas from USSR to West Thus in asses USA prevented Russia from earning USSR forced to spend more money on Afghanistan invasion and Star Wars programmer 1985 when Geographer gained power, he knew they had to stop spending on military, which had been trying to be a superpower for 40 years lb. Rise of Nationalism US loosened control on republics Republics called for independence, break up of US Gorky not willing US troops sent to prevent them from declaring independence 7 Jan 1991 continued Union Treaty CGI would make decisions on UP and national security The rest would be up to republics v. The 19-21 August 1991 coup Hardliners afraid Union Treaty would break up US Members of Gorges gobo Protests Wanted to overthrow Gorky before he could sign Union Treaty 19 Jug 1991, Gorky on holiday in Crimea Hardliners announced that military took control of SO, Gorky not leader anymore Wanted to bring back Commie power, complete control over USSR President Boris Yielding called them traitors People protested against coup as well Surrounded Yuletides building in a show of support Some revolutionaries even Joined them Failed coup Hardliners weakened Commie party banned by Yielding Gorky failed to control his own party members, so he looked weak have support of commies or anti-commies Resigned 25 Deck 1991 Commies blamed him for destroying US Anti-Commies blamed him for slow changes US broke up. Formed Commonwealth of Independent States (CICS) Gorky did not CICS Members: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Beleaguers, Georgia, Astrakhan, Kirk Transmitter, Ukraine and Uzbekistan Nazi, Moldavia, Atkinson,

Structural Realism Theory and the Developing world

Outline Structure The previous decade has witnessed some investigations assessing the applicability of available International Relations (IR) models to, and complaining about the abandonment of the rising economies, and especially of third world (Africa) in particular, in International Relations theory.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Realism Theory and the Developing world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay tries to go past this well-substantiated disapproval, and in its place questions what International Relations theory is supposed to undertake to tackle the problems in the developing world, inquire how academic contributions from Africa may perhaps supplement our perception of International Relations. Conversely, it attempts to understand how the occurrences in Africa and the research produced by Africans can add up to a superior indulgence to International Relations.  The focal point is to employ the works of Arlene Tickner (2003a, p. 300), on the emerging economies as instruments of International Relations facts as opposed to objects of International Relations inquiries. And on surveying MacLean’s assertion that ‘‘Africa’s practices†¦ provide insights for the development of IR theory and policy far beyond the continent’’ (MacLean , 2001, p. 150). The insinuation is thus not that the total field of International Relations that has been naive to Africa and the confrontations that it facades (Brown, 2006), but relatively subsists to the periphery of the discipline. Wherever there have been efforts aimed at taking Africa into the crinkle, it has been performed from the viewpoint of ‘what capability should the Western International Relations do to slot in Africa’ instead of ‘what can scholars discover from the African experience’.  When someone reflects on the wish in native acquaintance from Afr ica and all of the rising economies relative to sections such as normal medicine or eastern creed and sculpture, it turns out to be clear that it is not a narrative suggestion that comprehend from the non- Western humanity can manipulate the west. Unfortunately this curiosity on how available (Western) information might be developed by aboriginal facts and performances has not unmitigated to the inquiry of IR. Majority of researchers meticulously observe modest worth in developing an endeavor to learn from teachings from the outside edge. The suggestion that academicians in the hub of the field, principally in the US and UK, are the inventors of premise, while scholars in the far away countries, Africa and most of the developing world, are simply clients of the hypothesis; has been prevalent in the field. Regrettably, as Mallavarapu (2005) argues that this outlook is not merely apprehended in the nucleus. Academicians from the emerging economies ‘‘have been complicit in viewing themselves as mere recipients of a discourse shaped elsewhere’’ (Mallavarapu, 2005, p. 1).  This implies one impediment in the examination of feasible African contributions to International Relations theory.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Evidently, there are many additional limitations, equally in external, such as the entrance observance rules so rampant in the field, and internal (constituting deficiency of assets and the outlook that theorizing is too expensive in the milieu of Africa, where pressing tribulations have need of critical strategy answers). Bilgin (2008) questions the ubiquitous postulations of divergence linking Western and non Western studies to global politics on the basis that Western and non- Western practices and their elucidations have turned out to be so intertwined that non- Western traditions of philosophy regarding to respo nsibility towards global politics are â€Å"not forever free from Western models and theories’’ (p. 6). Neo-realism Realism is one of the international relations theories, apart from idealism and Marxism, emerging towards the beginning of the beginning of the Second World War and maturing during and after the World War 2. The theory emerged after the idealists failed to explain why the Second World War occurred and yet there was a league of nations based on collective security and international law. The founders of the theory started by criticizing the conceptualization of man by idealists, idealists were based on utopia. Intrinsically, man is unscathed, selfish, enjoys when others suffer and is motivated by personal interests. The realists assume that man uses another man to fulfill his interests since man is self-centered. Whenever people cooperate, they aim at achieving something at the end implying that cooperation is aimed at acquiring self-goals. States are also guided by the principle of using other states to obtain selfish interests. States focus more on achieving national interests rather than fulfilling collective international objectives. The international system is perceived as a jungle whereby each state is hostile to each other and always dodging each other. The international system is anarchical in nature where power holding is determined by prevailing economic and political influence. The most powerful states dictate whatever they feel is suitable to other powerless states. The international system is likened to Hobbestian state of nature where life was short lived and states are always in conflicts. There is no a leviathan, which is in charge of arbitration and setting standards to be followed by other parties. Absence of a leviathan creates a vacuum that is filled by the mighty ones hence dominating global opinions and decision-making mechanisms. There is no common power in the international system instead some states force the ir way into leadership positions. The members of the international system, just like the members of the state of nature are driven by instincts. Life in the anarchical international system is brutish, short lived and solitary because there is no common power. At the national level, realists believe that states enter into contracts to form a leviathan unlike in the international system.  Kenneth Waltz in his book published in 1979 adjusted realism, which was mainly structural. This means that he reduced everything to the structure.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Realism Theory and the Developing world specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Choices made by states in the international system are influenced by international system. The theorist focused on the status of the international system by claiming that only polarity influences the behavior of states in the international system. Change in a states lea dership does not affect its foreign policies. The issue of superpower affected the behavior of many states during the cold war. States were aligning with either the capitalist West or the communist east. The two super powers struggled to consolidate support from other states mainly to achieve their interests. States on the other hand calculated the benefits they could get from either side before associating with the super powers. The two super powers at the time asserted themselves in terms of ideologies where the United States wanted to construct an Americana world while the Soviet Union was proposing for collectivization of resources. Neo-realism and Developing Countries It is undisputable that Western International Relations was original in the discipline as an insecure intellectual subject trying to comprehend and hypothesize as regards to the vibrant global politics. There is no great suspicion that the major thoughts in the subject are intensely ingrained in the particularitie s and peculiarities of western olden times, the augment of the West to global power and the erection of its own opinionated system onto the whole earth. Put jointly, these two specifics denote that non-Western efforts to build up philosophy about International Relations, just like current capitalists, automatically have to create their ways in setting previously deeply habituated by past expansion. This fact is not disputed by any one, even though intellectual International Relations is now an international affair though incredibly unequally disseminated, still in the West, it remains extraordinarily subjugated to Western philosophy. At the same time as this state of affairs is not inherently bewildering, it is obliging to examine carefully the motives behind this. A few clarifications give little or no scope or basis for curative intervention. Others recommend that the issue of Western supremacy be expected to be transitory (Amitav and Barry, 2005, p. 293) This elucidation is not o n the subject of whether Western International Relations Theory has set up the entire accurate courses to reality. Since Western International Relations Theory has been approved by the authority of Western rule in the previous few centuries, it has obtained an international dominion grade that functions mainly mechanically in the brains of others, and in spite of whether the hypothesis is accurate or not. At this point, an individual would want to be keen on describing the logical effects of Western imperialism and the achievement of the influential in impressing their own thoughts against the wits and performances of the non-Western humanity. As illustrated above, the method of decolonization left in its wake a world modified, at times poorly, according to the European condition and its disordered society structure of global affairs.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The cost of autonomy was that local leaders agree to this configuration and a first-class case can be made that they did not merely do so in force, but were captivated and made their own entire deposits of important Western thoughts regarding to the performance of political financial system. In addition, it includes autonomous, territoriality and patriotism (Amitav and Barry, 294). Additional Western thoughts such as egalitarianism, the economy and human rights have had an extra competition, hardly worldwide, response, but nevertheless, have befall prevalent and high-ranking outside the West. Third-World leaders have employed the important rudiments of Westphalia dominion and even lengthened its scale. For instance, the principle of non-involvement, an important auxiliary rule of Westphalia independence, is being dynamically challenged in the West. It has undergone some attrition except in the Third World, where it has stayed put strongly. In reality, the fall of laissez faire in th e West has facilitated its rise in the developing World (Tilly, 1990). The conceptualization of what makes the African state of affairs exclusive includes a number of ideas that the states attach to political and monetary structures causing resulting to immense dysfunction. Given that Africa and other developing countries are never the beneficiaries of lofty amounts of overseas straight savings relative to other rising regions, majority of links of states to the fiscal system scuttle through official worldwide monetary institutions and expansion-focused nongovernmental institutions (NGOs). Consequently, the malfunction comes from the organizational state of affairs in the course of which funds go into and go out of the continent (Lavelle, 2001).  The genesis of the institutional conditions can be established in postcolonial rules that, in the dearth of any actual option material support, utilized state influence as a reserve to consolidate their own power (Boone, 1992). Even Mossà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Adventure Capitalism, the most economic in orientation of the four books reviewed, views stock markets as a counteractive means to existing paths in the course of which overseas wealth enters African economies. For that reason, to start a more persistent investigation into the political principles of the developing countries, over and above personality countries, analysts must tackle extensive monetary conditions (Lavelle, 2005, p. 367). Analysis and Criticisms of Neo-Realism A good number of global relations assumptions are inductively consequential from the European familiarity of the ancient times of about four centuries, for the period of which Europe was the nexus and initiator of war, inventions and affluence. According to Waltz (1979), â€Å"The theory of international politics is written in terms of the great powers of an era. It would be†¦ ridiculous to construct a theory of international politics based on Malaysia and Costa Rica†¦. a general theory of i nternational politics is necessarily based on the great powers† (p. 73). When international relations scholars concentrated on other sections of the sphere, it was to examine themes assumed minor such as developing world safety or the actions of diminutive states. In view of that, worldwide relations research has paid attention to elucidating the European practice. For instance, the roots of World Wars l and ll, over and above the Cold War and U.S.-Soviet affairs. Even though this is tranquilly factual, other fractions of the globe have turned out to be more and more important. Therefore, awareness of European relationships is no longer enough for a dutiful international relations generalist (Kang, 2003, p. 57).  Besides, establishing hypothesis that comes out from variant of realist assumption is habitually the theme of intense contest. Scrupulously attempts to rule out guesses that relate to developing countries can be exceedingly exasperating. The main intense argument of the cynical forecast as regards to developing countries raises the concern of a revisionist third world. Subsequent to two decades of speedy trade and industry growth, developing countries seems perched to turning to great supremacy over again. As a result, for Richard Betts, the problem happens to â€Å"†¦ get rich or not?† In favor of realists, the reaction ought to be no, because a rich third world would topple any balance of power (Betts, 1997, p. 55).  Anxiety over a revisionist and threatened third world has simply enlarged in the last decade, as its financial structure keeps on growing and its forces and scientific potentialities additionally growing. Questions are being posed on whether developing countries such as the Asian tigers have territorial and imperialistic aggression (Dunn Shaw, 2001). The data so far postulates that even though developing countries have great defensive quarrels with numerous countries, they have neither revisionist nor majestic int entions. In fact, most third world countries have expressed authentic interests to join the global society, possibly superlatively captured in their substantial attempts to be converted into members of the World Trade Organization (Friedrichs, 2004). The Neo-realists fail to open up a black box because they focus on international system while inclined to systemic variables. They largely ignore domestic variables such as the constitution and the nature of government. They fail to open up the state, which is detrimental to understanding the behavior of a state in the international system. The theory underestimates the role of morality and ethics in the interactions among states. For instance, humanitarian assistance is given to troubled countries even if they are enemies (Smith, 2009). The theorists hold that sovereign states are never interested with the interests of others. Conclusion To be stylish and inclusive, assumption strives to be prudent yet prudence enables disparity by pro viding the chances to the more dominant to prohibit and occlude the welfare and knowledge of those who have fewer voices. Admitting the intricacy in human interactions by having a smaller amount theory and more perspectives unlocks up opportunities for adjustment and edition that consent for the emerging countries to go into the world of thoughts, perceptions and lastly the theory that would help them solve the problems at hand (Ayoob, 2002, p. 48). For that reason, the integration of Africa into more commonly pertinent examinations of global political occurrence should do more than simply affix it to the environmental range of case studies existing. It should press on an ongoing search of the innumerable associations that gather around states and the organization of the world system (Lavelle, 2005, p. 376). References Amitav, A. Buzan, B. (2005) Why is there no non-Western international relations theory? Department of Politics, Bristol: University of Bristol. Ayoob, M (2002). Ineq uality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism, International Studies Association. Blackwell Publishing. Betts, R ,â€Å"Wealth, Power, and Instability: East Asia and the United States after the Cold War,† International Security, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Winter 1993/94), p. 60; Bilgin, P. (2008) Thinking past ‘Western’ IR?, Third World Quarterly, 29(1) 5–23. Brown, W. (2006) Africa in international relations: a comment on IR theory, anarchy and statehood, Review of International Studies, 32, 119–143. Dunn, K. Shaw, T. (2001) Africa’s Challenge to International Relations Theory, Basingstoke: Palgrave. Friedrichs, J. (2004) European Approaches to International Relations Theory. London: Routledge. Kang, D. Chan-oong, D. (2003) 1965-International Security, Getting Asia Wrong. The Need for New Analytical Frameworks, MIT Press. 27(4), 57-85. Lavelle, K. (2005) Moving in from the periphery: Africa and the study of internat ional political economy, Review of International Political Economy, 12(2), 364-379. MacLean, S.J. (2001) Challenging Westphalia: issues of sovereignty and identity in Southern Africa, in KC Dunn TM Shaw (ed), Africa’s challenge to international relations theory. New York, Palgrave Publishers Ltd. Mallavarapu, S. (2005) International Relations in India: Bringing Theory Back Home, Hyderabad, India: Orient Longman, pp. 17–38. Smith, K. (2009) Has Africa Got Anything to Say? African Contributions to the Theoretical Development of International Relations, The Round Table, 98(402), 269 — 284. Tickner, A. (2003a) Seeing IR differently: notes from the Third World, Millennium, 32(2), 295–324. Tilly, C. (1990) Coercion, Capital and European States AD 990–1990. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. Waltz, K. (1979) Theory of International Politics. Reading Mass: Addison-Wesley, p. 73. This essay on Structural Realism Theory and the Developing world was written and submitted by user Brooke C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Different types of violence Essay Example

Different types of violence Essay Example Different types of violence Essay Different types of violence Essay Essay Topic: Film Clip 12 Commando and Die Hard: In both of these clips watched the representation of violence is made in a way that it isnt serious and doesnt have any emotional effects on the audience watching. The violence is represented as not a big deal at all and when you see the hero kill loads of people the audience are happy for the hero and dont feel bad or shocked about the people he has killed. This makes violence represented as not a big deal at all because they want the hero to win and they dont like all the enemies. Throughout Commando he kills about 70ish men in order to get to his daughter. This isnt taken seriously because none of the deaths were at all violent. They were all shot and there wasnt once any sign of gore or blood. If the audience doesnt see this then they dont really take emotion towards it. This doesnt show the real effects of being killed and therefore the audience feel secure. The same goes to Die Hard as well. In this clip the hero Bruce Willis Kills quite a few men with a gun and blows up a helicopter but not once is any gore shown to the audience from all his killings. These films desensitize the audience a lot because it doesnt show the real effect of killing people and makes it seem like its not a big deal. When you watch it makes you feel good when the hero is taking out all the enemies because the deaths dont effect the audience and you want him to get to his daughter. Clip 3 Crime Watch: Crime Watch creates fear by re creating real life stories and showing people that it actually happened and isnt fake. This creates fear to the audience because the story they see actually happened in places where people live and give the effect that it could happen to anyone. This creates a lot of myth and cultivation to its audience because its making it seem as if these kind of crimes are happening everywhere and that its almost unsafe to walk out your front door. Watching crimes like this every week would make a person a lot more insecure because they are all real life stories and the person would start to think that the chances of them being a victim of a crime is high. This makes people think the world is more dangerous than it is and stimulates an unnecessary fear to the audience. Clip 45 Rambo and the Hungerford Massacre: There is a proven link between Rambo and the Hungerford massacre because Michael Robert Ryan the man who caused the massacre in the UK in 1989 was inspired by the film Rambo. This is because in Rambo the hero Sylvester Stallone caused a rampage in Vietnam throughout the film killing a number of people. The fact that Michael Robert Ryan was inspired by the film and wore a lot of army clothing just like Rambo showed that he was influenced by it. Also when he went on a massacre the film mostly related to his actions was Rambo showing that there was a connection with the Film. It was alleged, particularly by tabloid newspapers, that Ryan was inspired by the film Rambo, some weakly remarking on his armed-forces style clothing. It was cited as an example of the hypodermic needle model of negative media effects, particularly relevant in the wake of the controversy over video nasties. This caused panic because they thought this could happen anywhere to anyone and that action films like this would influence more people to do this. Clip 6 Childs Play: In 1988 Childs Play was released. Childs Play was a film with a small doll that has a dead persons soul in it and when they buy it pushes the boys mother out the window and he is the only one that knows the doll did it. This film could have been responsible for the murder of Jaime Bugler because in Childs Play the possessed doll looked like a 3 year old child. This could have caused the 2 murderers who were 10 and 11 at the time to have gotten so scared by the film that they could have done this. In Childs Play the boy who is around the murderers ages kills the doll at the end of the film. Because the murderers were so young they could have almost thought that the doll would get them in real life and resort to killing Jaime Bugler because they may have thought he was just like the doll and was going to kill them. I think that this evidence was the reason why the 2 boys took the child because of the film and that they thought the doll was going to get them in real life because they we re 2 young to realize it was not real. This leaded to moral panic about horror films because people thought that people who were watching these films especially young children were now a threat to society. Also that this could now happen to anyone and that their children were not safe in public. Clip 7 Natural Born Killers: After watching the film Natural Born Killers, which portrayed serial killers Mickey and Mallory on a rampage across America, Nathan Martinez, 17, shaved his head and began wearing tinted spectacles like Mickey (played by Woody Harrelson). Martinez then drove to Salt Lake City, Utah, and murdered his stepmother and 10-year-old half sister. A southern Georgia couple, Ronnie Beasley and Angela Crosby, watched the movie nineteen times, then embarked on a crime spree of carjacking, theft, kidnapping, and murder. Beasley also shaved his head like Mickeys, and the two lovers used the names Mickey and Mallory in correspondence with each other after they were apprehended. This shows that the film is responsible for the murders in a way because it caused people such a Nathan Martinez and The couple from Georgia to follow the paths of the killers in the film and commit murders like in natural born killers. These people must have been having issues in their lives beforehand but Natural Born Kill ers triggered there mind in order to make them commit the murders. So overall the film is responsible for these murders in a way because of how many people actually committed crimes after watching this film. Overall I dont think the level of violence should be censored because millions of people saw the film but only a few people who watched it then committed murders influenced from the film. It was proven that these people were already insecure beforehand aswell. Clip 8,910 Basketball diaries, The Matrix and Marilyn Manson The massacre provoked refined debate regarding gun control laws and the availability of firearms in the United States. Much discussion also centered on the nature of high school cliques and bullying, as well as the role of violent movies and video games in American society. Several of the victims who were believed to have been killed due to their religious beliefs became a source of inspiration to others, notably Christians, and led some to lament the decline of religion in public education and society in general. The shooting also resulted in an increased emphasis on school security, and a moral panic aimed at goth culture, heavy metal music, social pariahs, the use of pharmaceutical anti-depressants by teenagers, violent films and violent video games.

6 Ways to Seriously Improve Your Networking Skills

6 Ways to Seriously Improve Your Networking Skills When you have been job hunting, you may depend on networking with people you know to help you get the type of position you want. However, by improving your networking skills, you can use untapped resources and be more proactive in your job search. Being proactive can help you reach your goal of a job more quickly. 1. Send a MessageOver the years, you may have met a number of people you can include in your networking search and now, in addition to searching job sites, you are networking through friends, business contacts and others that you know. However, those people may not know what type of job you are looking for and what you do. By sending these people a short email or calling to ask if they will keep an eye out for job opportunities in your niche, you can widen your job hunt.2. Join Groups in Your FieldJoining groups related to your field and alumni associations and their hosted events give you an added opportunity to network. Former classmates who are in the same field can prov ide potential leads on jobs. Groups with hosted events let you widen your range of acquaintances, and that may give you new leads on jobs. You might even consider doing a volunteer speaking stint to get your name and expertise more widely known.3. Check Social MediaChecking Facebook, LinkedIn and other social media sites is a good way to reconnect. In addition, you can look at friends of these colleagues to find possible new connections and ask them for an introduction to expand your job search base. You probably have a number of friends on Facebook. Tell them you are job searching, and enlist their aid to put the word out. Engage in sites such as LinkedIn Events and Eventful to find helpful events to aid your job search.4. Add to Your Networking StrategyAlthough you can’t go around flinging your business card at everyone you meet, it is a good idea to take some along. When you’ve had what you consider a helpful conversation with an individual, handing over one of your business cards and expressing interest in working for his or her company can be helpful.5.Don’t Make It All About YouWhen you are helpful to others, they are more likely to be helpful to you. Don’t make it all about you, but listen well and show an interest in what others are saying. Contacts will be more likely to think of you if you have a friendly relationship that has been built on trust.6. Practice Your SpeechJust as you would practice a speech for a hiring manager, practice asking job contacts to help or recommend you for a job. You don’t want to take up too much of someone’s time because that can make you look desperate, and keeping your speech short and appealing but to the point can be a good idea. Keep an eye on the other individual’s body language before asking for help. An open individual with positive body language is more likely to assist you.Good networking is one way that you can conduct a job search. Another good way to job search is to have it done for you. TheJobNetwork does exactly that by searching around the clock to find job listings and sending them to you by email. After you fill out your qualifications and job interests, you can start receiving job matches to find the perfect job for you. To get started, sign up for job match alert.

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, Essay - 8

Write an annotation entry consisting of a Citation, a brief Summary, and a short paragraph Evaluation of the text below - Essay Example sident Obama acknowledged the fact that there is no need to have the Ferguson’s report to establish the truth that racial discrimination still exist in the current generation. Nia-Malika views that part of the speech as a way by which the president is making a call that people need to be cowards but focus on the past and not just the events of Ferguson to justify the existence of racial discrimination. Gwen reflects on the recent statement by the attorney general at the same event and asks if that is a responsibility or a burden to the first black president. In giving her response, Amy says that it is both a burden as well as a responsibility but admits that the speech by the president sought to offer hope and the realization not all is lost in the quest for a generation of impartial racial treatment. She admits that inequality still exist in the America society and it is closely tied to education and income. Gwen proceeds on another part of the speech in which the president directed his statements on close to 100 members of the Congress in the wake of their call to renew the voting rights Act. The president acknowledged the fact that the voting rights Act was one of the greatest achievement of American democracy which was as a result of the efforts by both the Republicans and the Democrats. The act was signed by various former presidents such as Reagan and Bush while they were in the Oval Office. Henderson argues that the statement has a lot of impact among the Republicans whom she considers to be a bit different from those of the past hence they are likely to show a different view of the Act. Amy considers the Act to be partially partisan in relation to geographical distribution of the various races in the Unites States. On the part of Hillary Clinton using her personal emails for official duties, Amy comments that she has to stand out on her own to defend herself without expecting the help of anyone. The interview by Gwen is very useful as it offers a deeper

A Critical Analysis of the Effect of Silver versus Iodine Dressings in Essay

A Critical Analysis of the Effect of Silver versus Iodine Dressings in Chronic Wound Management - Essay Example On the other hand, Wunderlich and Orfanos (1991) observed that chronic wounds are those that do not follow the normal healing process in the sense that they may or may not show any signs of healing within a few weeks. According to Bryant and Nix (2011), acute wounds are categorized as those that are acquired through surgery, trauma and those that are attained through burning (Bryant & Nix, 2011: 23-34). The phases and time duration that is assumed for acute wounds is measurable, and this is supported by the four major phases of healing though they have been confirmed to be overlapping; hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation. This material aims at investigating the effects of silver dressing and iodine dressing in chronic wound management. This will be achieved through consideration of various stages that are involved in both techniques of managing chronic wounds, comparing the stages with respect to their effectiveness of the use of the methods, and making an evidence -based argument regarding the most appropriate technique to use in managing the chronic wounds. In collection of data significant in meeting the objective of the study, secondary sources of data will be relied on, where various articles addressing the aspect of iodine dressing and silver dressing will be critically analyzed. This will significantly aid in determination of the findings of previous researchers about the effectiveness and efficiency of each individual method in addressing chronic wounds. An evidence-based conclusion will be drawn regarding the effects of silver dressing and those of iodine dressing in chronic wounds management. Chronic wounds are categorized into venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers and pressure ulcers. The venous ulcers occur mostly in the legs, and are evident to be affecting mostly the elder people. Mostly, the venous wounds are caused due to improper functioning of tiny valves in the vein, and this consequently affects the flow of

Weekly Assignment 1 Essay Example for Free

Weekly Assignment 1 Essay In Moore’s proof if an external world, he is attempting to show that we can know things outside of our own us (Moore; 144). He proves this by using the example of showing his hands, pointing at one hand and saying â€Å"here is my right hand† then pointing to the other and saying the same thing (Moore; 144). He states that by just being able lift hand is proof that it exists. He provided three conditions that support his claim which are that; if his two conclusions differ from one another, which they do not. If he knew proof but did not believe it and vice versa; and finally if his conclusion did not follow the premises which it did (Moore ; 145). Moore addresses the issues that readers have about the fact that he is not answering the question. He claims that they are seeking a statement saying, â€Å"Here’s one hand and here’s the other†, to prove external existence by coming up and examining both hands (Moore; 146). This statement is meant to accommodate all the examples of proof of external objects (Moore, 147). It is very unlikely that on exists because for that statement to be true there would have to be an initial proof that a person is not dreaming which is quite difficult to do. Moore also provides an additional proof for objects that have previously existed by saying:† I held up two hands above the desk not very long ago, therefore two hands existed not very long ago and therefore at least two external objects have existed at some time in the past† (Moore; 146). He uses this as a solution to Immanuel Kant’s (1724–1804) problem of the existence of external objects; because it shows that the objects have existed at some point in time (Moore;146). [300 Words] Reference List G. E. Moore’s paper â€Å"Proof of an External World† Taken from Sosa, E. and J. Kim. 2000. Epistemology: An Anthology. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

My Antonia :: essays research papers

Book 3, "Lena Lingard," is set in Lincoln, Nebraska where Jim studies under the instruction of an admired scholar Gaston Cleric. Lena Lingard moves to Lincoln to set up a tailoring business and visits Jim. They start seeing each other regularly, going to the theater, and spending Sunday mornings together. He enjoys her company much more than that of the women of his own class who are so interested in socializing that they seem to have no life in them. Lena’s shop is very successful. She tells Jim she plans never to marry, having seen enough of marriages to know that it is not for her. She wants to be able to determine her own choices in life. Her plan is to make enough money to set her mother and younger siblings up in a comfortable house. From Lena, Jim hears about Antonia’s boyfriend, Larry Donovan, a railroad conductor who puts on airs above his status. No one likes Larry, but Antonia will not hear anything bad said of him. One day, Gaston Cleric comes to see Jim and tells him he will be teaching at Harvard. He invites Jim to come with him. Jim reluctantly says good-bye to Lena and then goes home for a visit before leaving. Book 4, "The Pioneer Woman’s Story," takes place two years later when Jim has finished his college courses and comes home to visit before continuing on to law school. Antonia is now twenty-four years old and has had a baby outside of marriage. Jim is disgusted with her and doesn’t plan to go see her where she is living with her family again. However, one day he is in the photography shop and sees a large picture of Antonia’s baby. The photographer says she is extremely proud of her baby. Jim decides to go out and talk to the Widow Steavens, a woman who has been renting his grandparents’ farm and who helped Antonia throughout the preparations for her wedding and who helped her after her child was born. Mrs. Steavens tells him that Antonia and Larry Donovan got engaged and Antonia set to work on her linens and her trousseau. She came to Mrs. Steavens’ house every day to sew. Larry Donovan was in Denver working. He took a long time to send for her and when he did he said they would be living in Denver instead of Black Hawk.

High School District Essay

Declining high school dropout rates continue to reflect on the American educational system. Dropout rate for high school students refer to the number of individuals within the high school age range, between 16 to 24 years of age, who have not enrolled in school, obtained a high school diploma, or achieved equivalency documentation when compared to the general population for this age range. National statistical data indicates that the dropout rate decreased by 6 percent from 15 percent in 1972 to 9 percent in 2006. A similar decrease by 2 percent from 11 percent in 2000 to 9 percent in 2006 also occurred. (National Center for Education Statistics, 2008) There are differing interpretations of the implications of these statistics particularly on developments in the educational system. Some consider this a positive reflection on the educational system while others recognize this as the persistence of the problems. Regardless of the perspective, the relative dropout rate points to improvements in the number of people not enrolling or completing high school as well as an area for further improvement. Dropping out from high school has adverse consequences to individuals and the broader community. On the part of individuals, majority of those who have dropped out of high school were unable to find jobs or engage in odd jobs (Stanard, 2003). Even if employed, there are limited opportunities for career advancement. Income would also likely remain low. (Campbell, 2004) This affects long-term financial security. On the part of communities, the dropout rate means more people likely to become dependent on the social welfare program of the government. This also translates into greater risk of involvement in alcoholism and drug use likely to co-occur with criminal activity. (Martin, Tobin & Sugai, 2002) Even with a decreased dropout rate, it is important to continue addressing this issue by getting at the root of the problem. While the dropout rate has declined, there is no change in the dropout rates when considering all races. The racial gap over the dropout rate remained the same. (Heckman & LaFontaine, 2007; National Center for Education Statistics, 2008) In comparing the dropout rate among Caucasians and Hispanics, the difference or gap in drop out rate is 20 percent in 1980 and 19 percent in 2000. Two reasons account for the nil change in the racial gap over the dropout rate between Caucasians and Hispanics. One is the census bias with Hispanic immigrants who have not graduated from high school included in the statistical data (Christle, Jolivette & Nelson, 2007). This gives rise to the issue of the evaluation of statistical measures and variables in determining dropout rates. The rise in Hispanic immigrants kept a high dropout rate for Hispanics even if the national dropout rate has declined. Another is school related factors that cause the racial disparity in dropout rate at the states and district levels (Orfield et al. , 2004). This means that there are race related school factors at the local level that contribute to the persistence of a huge gap between the dropout rates of Caucasians and Hispanics. One factor is the extent of inclusion or seclusion of minority students in various high schools of different districts (Heckman & LaFontaine, 2007). Another factor is the lower socio-economic status or higher poverty rates of minority high school students in various school districts leading to higher dropout rates (Orfield et al. , 2004). There are differences in the causes of dropout rates at the state or district level because of variances in the existing determining factors and the impact of these factors on racial disparity in dropout rates. State or district level studies are important in identifying and understanding the root cause of the racial gap in dropout rates. In the state of California, there is a concentration of dropout rates in certain schools. There are 2,462 high schools in the state but 100 of these high schools contribute 40 percent of students dropping out from high school. Of this number, 25 high schools account for 21 percent of the dropout rate. The mean rate of high school drop outs in the state is 3. 5 percent and most of the high schools in California report a dropout rate that is lower or equal to the average. Of the total number of schools in California, 76 schools have a more than 50 percent dropout rate. However, there are 662 high schools in the state without any dropouts. This zero dropout rate in these high schools is due largely to the non-traditional schools. In the different high schools, the dropout rate relative to race varies. (â€Å"One hundred,† 2008) Even at the state level, there are disparities in the dropout rate per school when considered relative to the varying racial composition of the school and other closely related school factors. As such, understanding the disparities in dropout rates relative to race requires study at the specific district level. The largest high school district in California is Kern County High School District. The district covers 22 educational institutions serving at least 37,000 students and employing 3,500 educational workers. The school district ranks as the 17th in terms of the highest number of dropouts, with 1st as highest. A large number of the population in this school district is Hispanic comprising 68 percent, followed by Caucasian making up 44 percent. More than one-quarter of the population are living beyond the poverty line. (Orfield et al. , 2004) The racial composition of this school district provides an insightful locale in studying why there is disparity in the dropout rate between Caucasians and Hispanics. This district comprise a good venue in testing the applicability of different perspectives on the reasons for the racial gap for high school dropouts and the identification of other reasons for the differences in the dropout rates specifically between Caucasians and Hispanics. References Campbell, L. (2003–2004). As strong as the weakest link: Urban high school dropout. High School Journal, 87(2), 16–25. Christle, C. A. , Jolivette, K. , & Nelson, M. C. (2007). School characteristics related to high school dropout rates. Remedial and Special Education, 28(6), 325-339. Heckman, J. J. , LaFontaine, P. A. (2007). The American high school graduation rate: Trends and levels. IZA Discussion Paper No. 3216. Bonn, Germany: The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA). Martin, E. , Tobin, T. J. , & Sugai, G. M. (2002). Current information on dropout prevention: Ideas from practitioners and the literature. Preventing School Failure, 47(1), 10–18. National Center for Education Statistics. (2008). The condition of education 2008. Department of Education. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from http://nces. ed. gov/FastFacts/display. asp? id=16. One hundred California high schools account for more than 40 percent of the state’s dropouts. (2008, February 21). Reuters. Retrieved April 12, 2009, from http://www. reuters. com/article/pressRelease/idUS82976+21-Feb-2008+BW20080221. Orfield, G. , Losen, D. , Wald, J. , & Swanson, C. B. (2004). How minority youth are being left behind by the graduation rate crisis. Cambridge, MA: The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University. Stanard, R. P. (2003). High school graduation rates in the United States: Implications for the counseling profession. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 217–222.

School Counselors and Child Abuse

The objective of this research paper is to determine how well school counselors, who are human service providers and mandated reporters of child abuse, know how to detect abuse and whether or not this skill has an effect on them actually making a report. As mandated reporters, school counselors are not prepared to detect signs of child abuse and their lack of preparedness is a directly correlated with their low levels of reporting.Unfortunately, it is a cold fact that child abuse exists all over the world, but fortunately educators and individuals in human services are beginning to open the eyes of many individuals about the power they have in prevention, intervening and changing the lives of those affected by the horrid effect of child abuse. A group of individuals that can have a superb effect in empowering those affected by abuse are school counselors. Because of their interactions with children and their families, they can be influential in recognizing and reporting child abuse. With the right training and tools they can make a world of difference.There is very little research on school counselors and their abilities in recognizing and reporting child abuse. The research that does exist shows a need in extensive training in recognition child abuse and what to do thereafter. School counselors reported knowledge that they are mandated by law to report suspicion of child abuse, but lacked confidence in their ability to detect and report child abuse. Training is necessary in undergraduate/graduate schooling and as a professional in order for a school counselor to be fully effective as a mandated reporters.According to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, (NCANDS), which collects and analysis data from child protective services, 3. 3 million child abuse reports were made in 2009 of which three fifths of the reports were made by Running Head: SCHOOL COUNSELORS AND CHILD ABUSE 3 mandated reports such as doctors, teachers, daycare providers, counselor, etc. who because of the nature of their job have contact with these children. 3. 3 million reports were made in United States in the year 2009 and it is unfortunate to say that perhaps millions more abuses occurred but went on unreported.To report or not to report, that is the question that many individuals ask themselves when in a possession were they might hold vital information. There are times when individuals who have vital information right in front of them but see right thought it because of the lack of knowledge and experience. An often happy and extrovert child might begin to show sudden signs of melancholy and introversion due to being sexually abused by a family member, but a professional who works with the child on a day to day basis, for example, a teacher or a school counselor may not be able to detect these changes in character and as a result make no reports.The duration of time that children interact with school officials and administrators often times equal and ev en exceed the amount of time that they spend with family members. At times children and certain school officials form bonds that are fused together by trust and respect and due to the trust that has been formed, often times these officials gain insight about these children’s lives. One school official that needs to build rapport with a child in order to best service that child, is a school counselor.Since rapport is usually built between child and counselor, one would assume that the counselor would be able to detect child abuse right away, but it is evident through my readings that school councilors are in desperate need of guidance themselves. Though they are there to guide others, school counselors lack the confidence and knowledge when it comes to detecting and reporting child abuse cases; weather it be neglect, emotional abuse, sexual abuse or physical abuse physical Running Head: SCHOOL COUNSELORS AND CHILD ABUSE 4 abuse. According to Bryant (2009), 86. % of the 193 par ticipants in his study reported that they gained knowledge about child abuse reporting through experience at work and not necessarily through training. Goldman and Padayachi (2005) study looked at school counselors and their reporting behavior and whether or not they needed any further training. Just as Bryant (2009) study concluded that further education and training was necessary, Goldman and Padayachi (2005) study also reported that 95% of the participants in the study suggested that they needed more training in how to handle and deal with children and sexual abuse.The latter researchers did their study in Australia, where child abuse laws differ from one state to another. For example in New South Wales, it is mandatory by law for school officials to report any suspicion of child abuse. It was not always the case in New South Wales though because reports by school personnel of child abuse greatly increased from 11. 4% to 24% once the new law took into action. In Queensland were t he research study was conducted, school personnel were not mandated by law to report suspicion of child abuse.According to Goldman and Padayachi (2005) school personnel in New South Wales were being trained more intensively about neglect and child abuse because of the mandatory reporting laws. So, could it be possible that school personnel are not trained as intensively and excessively because there is no law indicating that suspicion of child abuse be reported? Would it be fair to say that people are reporting because it is mandated by law? Or are people reporting more because they have more training in dealing with child abuse? Is it an issue of law, ethics or knowledge?In order to determine whether or not school counselors consider certain situations as abuse or not, Goldman and Padayachi (2005) created four hypothetical Running Head: SCHOOL COUNSELORS AND CHILD ABUSE 5 situations where a child is interacting with a counselor and in all four situations the degree of detail the ch ild reveals is different, for example, in one situation a child â€Å"draws a picture of a man and makes vague statements about a bad man, but does not make any specific statements about being sexually abused† (Goodman and Padayachi, 2005), and in another situation, a girl tells her school counselor and her grandmother that she is being sexually abused. School personnel are suppose to rate the degree of suspicion from â€Å"substantial† to â€Å"no reason.According to the results, the degree of suspicion was from substantial to moderate, which indicates that the 122 participants were well aware of what signs to look for in sexual abuse. Majority of participants were able to detect child abuse, but were unlikely to report their suspicions when asked if they would report it if the child denied of being sexually abused. This can indicates that suspecting and reporting do not necessarily go hand in hand, especially in a state were reporting is not mandated by law. Accordi ng to Bryant (2009), the number one reason the participants in his study indicated that they would report suspicion of child abuse was because of law; which goes back to, are people reporting because of law, knowledge, ethics?It seems to me, to be more in favor of the law; but either way, if children’s lives are being saved; would it matter if it’s because of law or ethics? Probably the answer would be no, until people’s perceptions are changed. Being able to recognize signs of abuse in a hypothetical situation can vary greatly with the degree of confidence that a person has of his or her skills in recognizing signs of abuse. In Bryans (2009) study, participants were confident in their ability to recognize signs of physical abuse but were not as certain in their abilities to recognize emotional abuse; perhaps because physical abuse if much more Running Head: SCHOOL COUNSELORS AND CHILD ABUSE 6 observable, which indicates that much more training is needed in reco gnizing the more discrete signs of abuse.In Goodman and Padayachi (2005) study, the participants were asked about their confidence level of their knowledge of sexual abuse, and only â€Å"less than 10 per cent of the school counselors in Queensland were completely confident in their knowledge of symptoms to identify sexual abuse, while a considerable portion of them, 47 per cent, had little confidence, and 37 per cent had no confidence† (Goodman and Padayachi, 2005). The literature that was used in this research project proves that school counselors are not prepared to identify signs of child abuse; especially emotional abuse because signs of emotional abuse are a lot more discrete than physical abuse.Some research shows that school counselors are able to detect signs of child abuse but are less likely to report child abuse if a child denies being abused. In order to facilitate better understanding of child abuse in terms of detecting signs of abuse whether it is emotional or physical, colleges need to better prepare students before they start working as school counselors. School districts also need to have mandated training for incoming and ongoing school counselors. In order to help school counselor with becoming more assertive reporters of child abuse, school districts need to have mandatory training and colleges need to have courses that prepare students in how to report and the importance of reporting child abuse.

Evian Conference essays

Evian Conference essays The Evian Conference was called by President Roosevelt in 1938. The purpose of the conference was to fix the refugee problem and save Jewish lives. This did not occur, because of many contributing factors. Many questions arose surrounding this failure, from how each nation reacted, to whether or not anti-Semitism was present, affecting the outcome of negotiations. But what is possibly the hardest to answer was what Roosevelts true intentions were? Was he truly acting to help the Jews, or portraying so for reputation purposes? In March of 1938, President Roosevelt decided to call an international conference on the refugee crisis. This came as a shock to many, as the employment rate was at an all time low and the amount of restrictionists in Congress was at an all time high. Restrictionists would surely challenge the idea, as they were for immigration laws the way they were. It seemed ridiculous to think that anything could get done at the conference, unless immigration laws were modified so that a distinction between refugees and immigrants could be drawn. Other foreign countries werent any more enthusiastic about things. The League of Nations was having its own struggles with the refugee problem. In addition, countries surrounding Germany were being burdened by the refugee load, they didnt need the suggestion to take in more. The British government was under a lot of pressure from the Palestine policy, thus making it difficult for them to want to attend a conference that would increase the pressure. However, Roosevelt was aware of these risks. It is my hope that the narrow isolationists will not use this move of ours for purely partisan objectives-but no one can tell, Roosevelt told Judge Irving Lehman. There needed to be a guarantee that the quota system would not be challenged. The twenty-nine nations invited to the conference were asked to form a special committee to facilita...

8 Ways to Tell If a Website Is Reliable

8 Ways to Tell If a Website Is Reliable For every reputable website, there are dozens chock full of information thats inaccurate, unreliable or just plain nutty. For the unwary, inexperienced journalist  or researcher, such sites can present a minefield of possible problems. With that in mind, here are eight ways to tell if a website is reliable. 1. Look for Sites from Established Institutions The internet is full of websites that were started five minutes ago. What you want are sites associated with trusted institutions that have been around for awhile and have a proven track record of reliability and integrity. Such sites may include those run by government agencies, non-profit organizations,  foundations, or colleges and universities. 2. Look for Sites with Expertise You wouldnt go to an auto mechanic if you broke your leg, and you wouldnt go to the hospital to have your car repaired. Im making an obvious point: Look for websites that specialize in the kind of information youre seeking. So if youre writing a story on a flu outbreak, check out medical websites, such as the Centers for Disease Control, and so on. 3. Steer Clear of Commercial Sites Sites run by companies and business - their websites usually end in .com - are more often than not trying to sell you something. And if theyre trying to sell you something, chances are whatever information theyre presenting will be tilted in favor of their product. Thats not to say corporate sites should be excluded entirely. But be wary. 4. Beware of Bias Reporters write a lot about politics, and there are plenty of political websites out there. But many of them are run by groups that have a bias in favor of one political party or philosophy. A conservative website isnt likely to report objectively on a liberal politician, and vice versa. Steer clear of sites with a political ax to grind and instead look for ones that are non-partisan. 5. Check the Date As a reporter you need  the most up-to-date information available, so if a website seems old, its probably best to steer clear. One way to check - look for a last updated date on the page or site. 6. Consider  the Sites Look If a site looks poorly designed and amateurish, chances are it was created by amateurs. Steer clear. But be careful - just because a website is professionally designed doesnt mean its reliable. 7. Avoid Anonymous Authors Articles or studies whose authors are named are often - though not always - more reliable than works produced anonymously. It makes sense: If someone is willing to put their name on something theyve written, chances are they stand by the information it contains. And if you have the name of the author, you can always Google them to check their credentials. 8. Check the Links Reputable websites often link to each other. You can find out which other websites link to the site youre researching by conducting a link-specific Google search. Enter the following text into the Google search field, replacing [WEBSITE] with the domain of the site youre researching: link:[WEBSITE].com The search results will show you which websites link to the one youre researching. If lots of sites are linking to your site, and those sites seem reputable, then thats a good sign.

Gender Diversity at the workplace in the Financial Industry Dissertation

Gender Diversity at the workplace in the Financial Industry - Dissertation Example This is mostly due to the perception that the female employees tend to have low level of skills therefore they should not be deal with more complex needs of the clients. It is also due to this reason that women are specifically assigned to the roles which are people specific but requires very little or moderate level of skills. This research study adapted the qualitative research approach to understand and explore as to how women face the discrimination in the financial services industry. Introduction Diversity is a relatively diverse concept with different variables being included in the workplace diversity. These variables range from gender, race as well as cultural backgrounds and values each of different variables having strategic importance for the firm. It is therefore critical that the firms must develop their strategic HRM strategies in a manner which value diversity and gender equality. The aim of this dissertation is to show the benefits and importance of women at workplace in general and specifically in financial industry. . Financial industry is going through some strategic changes with many international firms are making layoffs in order to be more competitive and sustain their profitability. What is also important to note that financial services industry is relatively male dominated though at the customer services level as well as the client dealing level, many women work as important employees of the organization. Since financial industry typically operates in a manner that on one hand, it has to deal with the retail customers face to face whereas for its corporate customers it has a relatively different setup. Typical firms in financial services industry include banks, securities firms, and insurance as well as real estate sectors. The overall composition of the workforce in the financial industry therefore varies from particular sector of the industry. Financial industry is typically considered as an industry which requires risk taking and it i s generally believed that men are better at managing risks as compared to women. It is however, critical to note that these trends are now changing with women are increasingly managing large investment amounts. These trends indicate that financial institutions are willing to attract and retain the female employees. The fact that organizations like UBS and Goldman Sachs have female executives indicates that the large organizations in the financial services industry are willing to attract and retain female employees. Despite the fact that women form important part of the overall workforce in financial services industry however, gender inequality as well as gaps is relatively higher in the industry as compared to other sectors of the economy. Issues such as pay gaps are common in the financial services industry. Equality and Human Rights Commission has specifically highlighted the gender inequality within the financial services industry. The commission conducted investigation regarding the persistent sex discrimination as well as the pay unequal pay and highlighted strong evidence about the industry practices. Various other surveys have also highlighted specially the issue of unequal pay between men and women working in the financial services industry critically highlighting the need to boost the morale of